Tuesday, May 10, 2011
Tracking Device Teardown
Labels:
Bizzare
FBI car-tracking device.
The device comprises of a GPS unit for receiving the car's position, an RF transmitter for relaying your location to the interested authority (aka the FBI), and a set of sweet D-cell batteries that power the whole enchilada.
a To begin tearing the device apart, we detached the two antennas from their screw-in mounts on the transmitter/receiver module.
b The short antenna we disconnected in the first picture is responsible for transmitting the location signal to transponders that the FBI would use to find you.
c The larger antenna is for receiving GPS signals from satellites orbiting far above the earth's surface.
a Removing a few Phillips screws allows us to access the innards of the GPS antenna.
b In keeping with the non-permanent mounting solutions, the GPS antenna is attached to its bracket with a hefty piece of Velcro.
c A quick peek at the antenna board indicates it was manufactured by SIgem, a company that partnered with Tyco in the early 2000s to make GPS components.
a Let's turn our attention back to the transmitter/receiver module.
b A few screws are all that remain between us and the innards of this invasive device.
c It seems that this rear cover is simply a method to connect the module to power. Presumably, power sources (batteries) of different shapes/sizes/capacities can be connected through the same plate to make the tracking device more universally installable.
Step 1 — Tracking Device Teardown
a Clockwise from the top, the system consists of:
Battery pack
GPS antenna
Transmitter/receiver unit
Magnetic mounting bracket
Battery pack
GPS antenna
Transmitter/receiver unit
Magnetic mounting bracket
b The components of the system are all attached to the tracked vehicle with extremely powerful magnets. Some were so stubbornly attached that they ripped out of the mounting brackets to forever remain stuck on the undercarriage of the host vehicle.
Step 2
a The device is powered by four lithium-thionyl chloride (Li-SOCl2) D cell batteries.
b Each cell is good for 13,000 mAh! That's about double the capacity of the iPad 2's battery.
c These cells are suited for extremely low-draw applications where longevity is needed, making them ideal for powering an always-on transmitter/receiver. Their service life is rated at 10 to 20 years.
Step 3
a To begin tearing the device apart, we detached the two antennas from their screw-in mounts on the transmitter/receiver module.
b The short antenna we disconnected in the first picture is responsible for transmitting the location signal to transponders that the FBI would use to find you.
c The larger antenna is for receiving GPS signals from satellites orbiting far above the earth's surface.
Step 4
a Removing a few Phillips screws allows us to access the innards of the GPS antenna.
b In keeping with the non-permanent mounting solutions, the GPS antenna is attached to its bracket with a hefty piece of Velcro.
c A quick peek at the antenna board indicates it was manufactured by SIgem, a company that partnered with Tyco in the early 2000s to make GPS components.
Step 5
a Let's turn our attention back to the transmitter/receiver module.
b A few screws are all that remain between us and the innards of this invasive device.
c It seems that this rear cover is simply a method to connect the module to power. Presumably, power sources (batteries) of different shapes/sizes/capacities can be connected through the same plate to make the tracking device more universally installable.
Step 6
a To get to the brains of the module, we focus on the other end cap.
b The FBI really did not want anyone tampering with the innards of their tracking devices. The screws were coated with so much threadlocker that we had to break out the power drill and eliminate the screw heads.
Step 7
a Upon successfully drilling out all the screw heads, the outer case slides right off the transmitter/receiver assembly.
b The two modules can be split apart to examine their circuits.
c The small blue wire connects the GPS antenna to the GPS receiver board.
d After disconnecting the GPS board, we can take a closer look at both components.
Step 8
a The module providing the GPS signal processing on this device is a µ-blox GPS-MS1 that's sort of ancient in the realm of modern electronics.
It was released June 29, 1999!
b It features an astonishing 0.125 MB of SRAM and 1 MB of flash memory.
c The backup battery on its reverse side powers a real time clock and maintains the GPS receiver's SRAM to allow for a much faster connection time to the satellites, called a warm start. This is usually used in conjunction with a circuit to power down most of the GPS, providing a much longer battery life.
d The slightly imperfect alignment of the SMD components on the board indicates that the FBI hand-soldered them to the board and tailored the component choices to their specifications.
Step 9
a The larger of the two boards contains the connections for both antennas and is responsible for the RF side of the tracking device. Its notable chips include:
1 XEMICS XE1201 Ultra low power single chip transceiver
The XE1201 allows for data transmission and data reception in half duplex mode.
2 RFM RF1172 SAW (surface-acoustic-wave) filter
The RF1172 provides front-end selectivity (the capability to separate signals in one frequency from all other frequencies) in 433.92 MHz receivers.
Typical applications of this filter include wireless remote-control and security devices operating in Europe under ETSI I-ETS 300 220.
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